Essay about Analysis of The Glass Menagerie by Tennessee...

The Glass Menagerie is one of Tennessee Williams most famous play. A sort of autobiographical play that closely resembles Williams’s life before stardom. The play occurs during the 1930’s before world war two, in an apartment in St. Louis. Where the three main characters reside and confront on a quotidian basis. Moreover, as well in which they live in their world of illusion. Illusion and reality is practically what the play revolves around. The characters Tom, his sister Laura and mother Amanda are attached to an imaginary world in one way or another. Tom has become the head of the household ever since their father abandoned them. He’s an aspiring poet who works in a shoe warehouse. He’s unhappy with his life and the codependency†¦show more content†¦She finds herself old, reliant on her son, alone and witnessing her two greatest joys failing in life. She herself my feel like a failure and feel partial fault in her kids outcome. In order to esca pe from reality, she fantasizes about how beautiful she was not too long ago. She visualizes the countless numbers of gentlemen callers that dated her. She fabricates all these stories from the past to ease the tension of their current live and make everything perfect. Even her dialogue seems deceptive, as she speaks in a very jovial and frivolous manner as if she has no problems. Her illusions help her during the moment but once face with a reality she a broken woman. Laura is also withdrawn into the world of illusion. Perhaps the most fragile of all three, Laura escapes her reality through artificial glass animals. Her captivation for the glass animals is a contrast to the veracity of her life. The glass animals are a symbolism of Laura herself, she just like them breakable, flimsy, insubstantial, etc. The glass menagerie is her dream world where everything is perfect and fine. Where she doesn’t have to deal with the harsh realities of life. However, exit the illusion and enter reality, she has failed her mother academically. She has become very shy and has obtained a sense of inferiority and humiliation. Through their own ways the characters use false appearances to hide the true realities of there live. It isShow MoreRelatedCritical Analysis Of The Glass Menagerie By Tennessee Williams1455 Words   |  6 Pagesfor this assignment are posts in the assignment s discussion. Below are the discussion posts for Samantha Stepzinski, or you ca n view the full discussion. from Discussion #1 - The Glass Menagerie Sep 8, 2017 10:31pm Click to change profile picture for Samantha Stepzinski In The Glass Menagerie by Tennessee Williams, the main topic of discussion is trying to find Laura a suitable gentleman caller that Amanda, her mother, would approve; however the overall theme is much deeper than that. LauraRead MoreAnalysis Of Tennessee Williams The Glass Menagerie 1805 Words   |  8 PagesMurphy Glenn Elizabeth Cochrane English 102 10/24/2017 Symbolism in The Glass Menagerie Tom Wingfield is the narrator and dominant character in Tennessee Williams’ timeless play, The Glass Menagerie. Through the eyes of Tom, the viewer gets a glimpse into the life of his family as well as into the depressed era that they live in. His mother is a southern belle who desperately tries to hold onto her past and her position within a society bygone; his sister who is tentative and cripplingly shy lacksRead MoreAnalysis Of Tennessee Williams s The Glass Menagerie 2800 Words   |  12 PagesFontes 11 Tennessee Williams is considered to be one of the most distinguished American playwrights of the twentieth century. As a Southern writer, Williams used his personal life and experiences as subject matter for many of his stories. Williams? turbulent early life was the basis for many of his plays. As an autobiographical play, The Glass Menagerie depicts individuals not only fleeing from reality, but also escaping from their desperate situations. Escape is defined ?as a means of obtainingRead MoreLiterary Analysis of The Glass Menagerie by Tenessee Williams1462 Words   |  6 PagesThe Glass Menagerie by Tennessee Williams had ordinary people in an ordinary life that closely resembled the influences of Williams’ personal life while having reoccurring themes and motifs throughout the story. The play has been done by many with some variations in the scripts and setting while still clinging to the basic ideas of the original play. Amanda Wingfield was a complex character that encompassed many facets of her personality. She longed to have the life she had as a girl and youngRead More Tennessee Williams The Glass Menagerie as a Tragedy Essay1498 Words   |  6 PagesTennessee Williams The Glass Menagerie as a Tragedy The Glass Menagerie has, of course, been labelled as many different types of play, for one, a tragedy. At first glance it is clear that audiences today may, indeed, class it as such. However, if, looking at the traditional definition of the classification tragedy, one can more easily assess whether or not the Glass Menagerie fits under this title. To do this I will be using the views of Aristotle, the Greek Read MoreThe Glass Menagerie By Tennessee Williams2140 Words   |  9 PagesThe Glass Menagerie by Tennessee Williams is a play that represents the revelation of truth, the struggle of accepting reality, and the realization of possession. We focus in on the Wingfield family consisting of the mother, Amanda, her daughter, Laura, her son, Tom, and her absent husband that ran off years ago, but still holds a presence in the household despite his absence. Considering that this play was set in the 40’s and deals with issues that the present society does not face, it seems thatRead MoreEphemeral Repertoire Of Embodied Knowledge943 Words   |  4 PagesWhat Connerton calls incorporating practices and Taylor calls the repertoire affirms the need to prioritize unstable pieces of evidence, traditionally ignored or skeptically criticized in histories of Williams which favor normative assessment. Taylor describes that †Å"the rift, I submit does not lie between the written and spoken word, but between the archive of supposedly enduring materials (i.e., texts, documents, buildings, bones) and the so-called ephemeral repertoire of embodied practice/knowledgeRead MoreAn Analysis Of Laura In The Glass Menagerie1579 Words   |  7 PagesLonging for Impossible Freedom: An analysis of Laura in The Glass Menagerie The French actor and enthusiast, Vincent Cassel, pronounced â€Å"You can’t escape from what you are†. No matter how much a person dislikes who they are, they will never be able to escape their body and their mind. People can attempt to forget who they are and what their life is like, but in the end, they will always be stuck in their current situation. Similarly, Laura, in The Glass Menagerie, deals with her self consciousnessRead MoreThe Glass Menagerie By Tennessee Williams914 Words   |  4 PagesVarious psychological frameworks can be applied to analyze the problems of literary characters, as well as those of real people. One such framework is Buddhism with its analysis of suffering and its causes. Noted Buddhist teacher Thich Nhat Hanh states that Letting go gives us freedom, and freedom is the only condition for happiness. If, in our heart, we still cling to anything – anger, anxiety, or possessions – we cannot be free (78). More specifically, Nha t Hanh and many other Buddhists recommendRead MoreEssay about Fences by August Wilson1876 Words   |  8 Pagesfrom her religious faith and give the best of whats in her. She holds on to her husband with both hands until the time of his demise. The Glass Menagerie is a dramatic play about human nature, the conflict between illusion and reality. The struggle between the love of freedom and the love of family. If there is a signature character type that marks Tennessee Williamss dramatic work, it is undeniably that of the faded Southern belle. Amanda is a clear representative of this type. A faded belle from

Comparing Homers Odyssey and Everyday Life Essay

The Odyssey is filled with emotion and adventure. Homer’s ability to show and give the reader a visual of each and every scene gives the story its unbelievable significance. To all the people who read his work there is something to be captured within every sentence, each one different in its own, unique way. Through tales of courage and defeat, friendship and love this book tells of all the values within the life of a single, solitary man, and his journey to attain what is true and dear to him. And this journey is known to all of us as The Odyssey. The Odyssey is a test of human devotion and trust through the gods, the mortals, and the obstacles through which they venture. No matter where they go or what they do, humans are tested for†¦show more content†¦Odysseus trusts his noblest friends such as Eumaeus and his family but somehow forgets that he has fair Athene by his side through all of his adventurous toils. At this time Odysseus realizes this and tells his son t hat, Here I now am by bidding of Athene, that we may plan together the slaughter of our foes(157). This shows that Odysseus now trusts Athene to guide and assist him on his journey home. The gods must become very well acquainted with Odysseus in order for these tests to occur. Without this, Athene could never have given aid to Odysseus or given pain to help him on his way. Athene got to know Odysseus inside and out, as well as those who were dear to him so that she may help him reach his homeland and take back what was rightfully his. At one point Odysseus doubts himself and Athene’s power to assist him. Athene washes away Odysseus’ doubt by stating that Men trust weaker friends, friends who are mortal and not wise as I. I am a god and I will protect you to the end, through all your toils(196). These words shifted Odysseus’ thoughts and caused him to pursue what was dear to his life. Without Athene knowing Odysseus well, she could not have done this so well. Long-tried royal Odysseus is tested for devotion and trust through the absence of his loved ones. His character can be seen through the actions and voice of his very own son Telemachus. Since Telemachus and Odysseus have been away from each otherShow MoreRelatedEssay on Was Troy The Movie Accurate According To Homer?1791 Words   |  8 PagesAccording to Homer? Did the movie Troy, released in 2004, accurately depict the story of Homers epic poems the Iliad and the Odyssey, and was it a good movie from a critical point of view? I think it was a good movie from an entertainment standpoint, but it fell short in its comparison to Homers epics. As a fan of epic movies, I have watched the movie Troy a couple of times. In comparing the movie to the epic, there are various discrepancies between the two. First Ill addressRead MoreThe Odyssey vs the Lord of the Rings1526 Words   |  7 PagesComparing the Odyssey to the Lord of the Rings                  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Lord of the Rings and Odyssey are two very weird stories in my opinion. The two stories include several similarities. The most noteworthy similarity of the two that were in common was the use of themes. Both included similar themes such as, life, death,power, brotherly love, myth, temptation, and journey.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   One thing I noticed was the use of several different themes included in both stories. In the Lord of the Rings theRead MoreComparing Two Works Of Art Essay2100 Words   |  9 PagesComparing two works of art For my final project, I will compare two pieces of art and show the comparisons and differences that they have in the Greek ancient period and the modern period of the same theme â€Å"the representation of the Trojan war†. The visual work art is a bilingual art because it was made with the participation of two artists, Andokides (Red figure) and the Lysippides (Black figure) and it is titled â€Å"Achilles and Ajax Playing a Dice a Game†. It was painted in 525–520 B.C in GreeceRead MoreMenstrual Taboos On Children s Mental And Physical Health2351 Words   |  10 Pagesheals, it creates a barrier over the vaginal opening) and separation of women during their menstrual cycle (p. 92). But if women are seen as powerful, acting as a threshold with the beyond and being capable of something as incredible as bringing new life into the world, why has this translated into an endemic view of women being inferior to men, and why has it been deemed necessary control their natural biological cycles? A reason for this may be that many early societies were male-controlled. As

The Greater Cleveland Food Bank - 828 Words

Introduction The Greater Cleveland Food Bank is a non profit food distribution organization that serves Northeastern Ohio and was founded in 1979. The organization seeks to bring nutritious meals those that are most affected by hunger and poor nutrition in the region, such as low income families and elderly. The organization is headquartered on the eastern side of Cleveland, OH. 1 Statement of need, purpose, rationale Nutrition plays an important role in one’s health, an unhealthy diet can be a contributing factor for overall poor health. In fact, it can even lead to numerous enduring illnesses, such as heart disease, obesity, and diabetes. 2and3 Heart disease is the leading cause of death in the United States, affecting 11.3% of adults or 26.6 million. 4 Childhood obesity has been an increasing issue in the United States as well, There has been a rise in childhood obesity in children ages 6-11 years old gone upldren too many vaccinations at nging. are essential to public health and are also free their children too many vaccinations at from 6.5% to 19.5%. In children ages 12-19 years old it has gone up from 5.0% to 18.1% in 1998-2008. 5 In one study, doctors counseled adults and children on diet and nutrition during 12.2% of all visits in a targeted population of 15.2% in 2007. 6 It is recommended that individuals follow healthy diets that consist of health food choices such as fruits and vegetables. 2and3 Of the various households that the Cleveland food bank serves, 23%Show MoreRelatedHomelessness in Cincinnati Essay3319 Words   |  14 Pagescan receive welfare benefits (Aid for Dependent Children) for 36 months. During that time they are supposed to be furthering their education or preparing to go to work. If neither is accomplished, the mother will receive medical for the children and food stamps only. If the family is not residing in subsidized housing they may have to stay with family members or seek emergency shelter. The mentally ill will walk all night seeking shelter, if unsuccessful however; they may sleep in vacant apartmentRead MoreThe Island Of Jamaica, Jamaica1464 Words   |  6 PagesFor our travel report project I chose the island of Jamaica, a place that I have been longing to visit for quite sometime. Jamaica is an island that is a part of the Greater Antilles located 90 miles south of Cuba and 100 miles west of Haiti. The island has an area of 4,243 square mil es and a 635-mile coastline. This beautiful island is covered in rugged mountains, with some being volcanic, and has its highest peak on Blue Mountain at 7,401 feet! (Briney) As of July 2014 the population of JamaicaRead MoreAnalysis Of Garden Valley Hunger Center1869 Words   |  8 Pagesbecome food insecure and how important these programs are. The kindness I was shown is astonishing, and being shown this affection made me build strong emotional connections to those I was helping. Volunteering at these centers gave me a lot of hope that diminishing hunger insecurity is possible. The first place I volunteered was Garden Valley Hunger Center (GVHC). The center is run by volunteers with the mission of eliminating hunger. Being the largest food pantry supported by the Greater ClevelandRead MoreRwt1 Bussiness Research2627 Words   |  11 Pagesminimize the internal funding. Buying a franchise for double the money is unnecessary. Without proper funding choices in place, we could end up in debt. #2 Marketing how will we reach our target market, what are they willing to pay for. Joining a health food association will give us access to industry reports and survey data to study and create strategy. The franchise will cover all marketing aspects. 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This resulted in a population influx in cities like Detroit, Cleveland, Cincinnati, and Chicago. 11 million Americans moved from farms to the city between 1870 and 1920. To add to the population spike 25 million immigrants arrived from overseas. Seven- eighths of the immigrants moved to the free states up North. TheRead MoreThe Twenty-Fat Century Essay1774 Words   |  8 Pagesbe obese by 2030. A poor diet and a lack of exercise are proven causes of the obesity issue, but most individuals have failed to pinpoint the conventions of modern life as a cause. How much activity is garnered at work, our inclination toward fast-food and copious amounts of meat, as well as contemporary parenting practices can be considered prime factors of the obesity epidemic. 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Financiers and banks thus became as important as industrialists and factories in the growth of the revolution. For the first time in American history, wealthy business leaders called capitalists took over the control and organization of manufacturing.   HistoriansRead MoreCause and Effects of the Great Depression4210 Words   |  17 Pagesclosing of the nations banks, taking with them millions of dollars in deposits.7 More than 9,000 American banks either went bankrupt or closed their doors to avoid bankruptcy between 1930 and 1933. Depositors lost more than $2.5 billion in deposits.8 Two-hundred and fifty six banks failed in the single month of November 1930, and further yet on December 11, when the United States Bank, with deposits of more than $200 million, went under. It was the largest single bank failure in America history

Learning Reflection And Impact Of Literature - 1585 Words

Learning Reflection and Impact of Literature on Life Reading literature is a lot like conducting a laboratory experiment. While in real life, the individual might not be able to create circumstances where they play the role of a villain, jilted lover or a good person, authentic literature provides opportunities for one to carry out these experiments in human existences without having to play different roles in his daily life. Literature, through its honest rendering of diverse characters, helps us understand other people, their motivations, their loves and fears and other such things that comprise the human experience. For this reason, literature is a tool for expanding our understanding and reveals what is human in all of us, despite of our differences. The emotions that reading a work of literature evoke while reading leads one to explore different modes of thinking and therefore expands one’s consciousness as pertains to human existence and one’s relations with his f ellow human beings. Perhaps this pervasive influence of literature on human consciousness accounts for the widespread impact that works of literature have had on influencing culture, such as Star Wars and other works of literature and film that continue to influence the direction of human consciousness, for better or for worse. Through considering personal influences drama, poetry and short stories have had, the paper hopes to show that literature is an incredible transformative force with the potential toShow MoreRelatedJournaling Essay1115 Words   |  5 Pagesissues and challenges were expressed clearly in the article by Langer (2002), rooted in his study, he noted, reaching an awareness on how â€Å"non-traditional [latter category] and traditional [former category]† students react to journaling and the impact on learning (p. 337). Langer (2002) further expresses the â€Å"college computer architecture course was a certification program for 18-months at Columbia Univer sity† (p. 337). Langer (2002) goes on to articulate the method employed in the survey, a qualitativeRead MoreLanger Article Critique Essay703 Words   |  3 PagesReflecting on Practice: using learning journals in higher and continuing education Teachers College Reflecting on Practice: using learning journals in higher and continuing education Langer (2002) central focus is plainly stated in the introduction, which is â€Å"how the use of journals impacted the learning process of adult non-traditional students and how this impact compared to that of traditional students†. The purpose of this article critique is to analyze the strengths and weaknessesRead MoreThe Importance Of Critical Reflection On Teaching1270 Words   |  6 PagesImportance of reflection: Reflection on practice has different meanings, in my view it means constructive criticism: being honest with myself, becoming aware of and understanding my own strengths, and being able to review activities and constantly test assumptions related to our work. These have been my approach to critical reflection throughout the year. This is supported by Brookfield, he says that Critically reflective teaching happens when we identify and scrutinise the assumptions that undergirdRead MoreWe Start By Defining Executive Coaching Essay1388 Words   |  6 Pagesmotivations that can all impact the effectiveness of the engagement. And the level of support from each executive’s organization and its varying goals can impact the effectiveness, as well. Furthermore, each executive coach brings different coaching competencies, certifications, experience, and industry background which all impact effectiveness. The coach and coachee have a relationship with varying levels of rapport, collabora tion in goal development, commitment, and trust which impacts effectiveness. FinallyRead MoreAnalysis Of Anne Beaufort s Words, A Better, Product1599 Words   |  7 Pagesmajors and beyond. In relation to the course learning outcomes, the works I have done have been majorly about Discourse, discourse communities, genres, writing expertise, research questions, and collection and analysis of qualitative data. Over the semester, I was tasked with completing several pieces of writing that would demonstrate my progress in understanding of the above mentioned topics. In order to achieve this understanding, I was to review literature from respected writing scholars, namely BeaufortRead MoreReflective Reflection1145 Words   |  5 PagesOriginally, I thought that I would group the articles by themes to complete my weekly reflections. For instance, the Week 12 reflection would incorporate the theoretical and/or philosophical underpinnings of conceptual understandings as discussed in the w orks of Simon (1995) and Samara Clements (2004). Then, Week 13 would explore the affordances and constraints of learning trajectories highlighted in the work of Daro, Mosher, Corcoran (2011), Empson (2011), and Myers, Sztajn, Wilson, EdgingtonRead MoreImproving Students Through Communication, Connection, And Collaboration967 Words   |  4 Pagesthe students’ growth in the course. Additionally, these researchers found that facilitating student engagement and motivation, teachers are encouraged to provide constant and consistent feedback which includes questions and activities which spark reflection. Research indicates the process of engaging students through communication, connection, and collaboration is based on what works best for the population of students in the online course (Cavanaugh, Repetto, Wayer and Spitler, 2013). Utilizing theRead MoreReflective Thinking : A Component Of Critical Thinking1594 Words   |  7 Pagesoffered a sequence and set of instruction al practices that create conditions for practice in a mock work world. For example, experiential learning opportunities such as the High Fidelity Simulation (HFS) enhanced lab activity, and increased the student’s ability to synthesize critical content (Alfred Fountain, 2009). These integrated lab activities provide a learning environment where students do self-exploration and share ideas and viewpoints with peers in small groups. Students receive feedback throughRead MoreTransformative Learning Theory : Learning Theories975 Words   |  4 PagesTransformative Learning Theory The transformative learning theory is based on the belief that transformative learning is†a shift of consciousness that dramatically and permanently alters our way of being in the world†. Transformative learning changes how we know. It leads to a more discriminating, inclusive, and integrative perspective. This theory shows that with more knowledge and understanding the way people think about themselves and the world goes through a conversion. Read MoreLearning Evaluation Assignment1671 Words   |  7 Pages– under controlled conditions – to see whether it improves my practice. I recognise that a willingness to experiment in this way, bearing in mind the curriculum, and the demands of achievement criteria, will keep teaching and learning fresh and exciting. At best, the impact on the learners will be to maintain or enhance their enthusiasm, and to improve their ability to understand new material and remember it. Data collection will have to be very simple, as the understanding of the learners is limited

Triad Leadership Model at System Level

Question: Discuss about the Triad Leadership Model at System Level. Answer: The three levels of the leadership model the public, private and the personal leadership combines the strengths of the leadership and enables the leads to lead and apply the leadership theories appropriately (Komives and Wagner, 2016). A personal leadership model has been developed which suits to the organizational development. According to the leadership theory the personal leadership can be referred to as the technical, psychological and the ethical behavior or development of a leader. The personal leadership model highlights these qualities and attributes of a leader and the development stages which the leaders have to focus on in order to develop the personal leadership attributes. Here my personal leadership model has been developed. Purpose The primary purpose of my leadership model is to highlight the relevance of the credibility, leadership traits, values etc being a leader. The mission of my leadership model is to be participative and to result oriented. Through this model my aim is to develop my leadership skills and implement my skills to coordinate the skills and abilities of my team and produce the desired output. This model focuses on the areas of the leadership theory ethics, multiculturalism and the team work which is highly relevant for the modern business environment to produce the desired organizational goals. This model enables the leader as well as the follower to follow the concepts of the leadership theory like the self responsible, job empowerment, participative decision making, resource sharing, being analytical etc (Hong et al, 2016). Personality The personality of my leadership model highlights ethics and multiculturalism. Being ethical is one among the important attribute of the leader. The moral and ethical decision making will enable the manager or a leader to manage the workplace effectively and to bring sustainable output from the employees. Ethical values and the moral behavior will shape the personality of the leader and his subordinates so that they can produce positive results effectively. Implementing multiculturalism in a workplace is essential for managing and maintaining the diverse work place effectively. Through this leadership model a practice of respect and resource sharing is practiced within the work place. Each personal under this leadership model is considered as the part o a single family and is treated equal. This model prohibits any sort of ethnic or cultural discrimination which influences the personality and the performance o the individuals within the work place (Batcheller, 2016). Performance The primary objective of my leadership model is to enhance my productivity as well as my team members. Only if the performance is enhanced the organization goals and objectives will be met and hence it plays a vital role in my leadership model. This leadership model is result oriented and focuses on the productivity, resource sharing, compensation, relationship oriented etc. Through resource sharing the employees will be getting relevant knowledge for completing the work effectively (Larsson, 2016). It becomes the responsibility of the leader to allocate necessary resources to the employees relevant to their nature o work so that the performance can be enhanced. If the resource allocation is provided with attractive incentive and compensation plans then the organizational goals can be achieved effectively. Apart from this the personal relationship with in the work place can influence the employee performance. Hence it is essential for the leaders to be conscious about the work place practices and behavior of the employees. A friendly working atmosphere should be generated (Schmitt, Hartog and Belschak, 2016). People People or the human resources are the inevitable part of the well functioning o the organization. Only if the organization is enriched with sufficient number of potential employees then only it can achieve the organization goals and objectives. Motivating the human resource is vital for the effective business operations and functioning of the organization. This leadership model focuses on the team work and team dynamics for motivating the employees. Through this effective resource sharing and coordination can be implemented. For motivating the employees towards the achievement of the organization as well as the individual goals proper rewarding system, recognition, job empowerment are practiced under this leadership model. Through this model the leader can focus on motivate the employees through adequate training and development (Madison et al, 2016). Hence through the four aspects of this personal leadership model purpose, personality, performance and people, I can enhance my technical, behavioral and ethical values as well as can develop those skills in my subordinates The main organizing idea The primary organizing idea in this leadership model is to generate a participative work place. Due to the globalization, the work place has become diverse and it became essential for the leaders to manage the work place more effectively. This personal leadership model exhibits some leadership traits like participative, analytical, visionary, coordinating etc. The vision of the leadership model is to develop the leadership by themselves through considering the four important aspects people, performance, purpose and personality and to guide and develop the followers and other leaders of the organization. The primary objective off this model is to obtain the organizational goals effectively (Esquivel et al, 2017). The most important traits, skills and tasks of an effective leader When the traits of the effective leadership are taken into consideration my leadership model specifies the following leadership traits. High energy level Team orientation Empathy Accountability Confidence Optimism Honesty Along with these leadership traits my leadership model also specifies that the leaders should also possess some skills which differentiate them to be an effective leader (Komives and Wagner, 2016). An effective leader should possess good interpersonal skills, high degree of employability skills, knowledge and relevant experience so that he can manage the work place effective. My leadership model specifies these leadership traits, skills and abilities and its relevance for managing work place. The primary tasks of the leader according to my leadership model is to enable participative organization culture, motivating employees and coordinating, being ethical and moral towards the sub ordinates. The core values the personal leadership model The primary core values of my leadership model are to possess right leadership attitude in leading and coordinating the people. Only if the leader possesses a good professional attitude, it will reflect on his followers. Another core value which my leadership model specifies is the courage and risk management ability of the leader. Another value which can be discussed is the respect which is essential for implementing a participative work place. The leader as well as the followers should respect and provide priority to the ideas and opinions of others so that a healthy organizational culture can be developed and implemented (Jensen, Neck. and Beaulieu, 2016). The leadership practiced in my leadership model is seeking to achieve a participative work place. Through this model importance is given to each employee for their opinion and ideas. A work place which promotes self respect, recognition etc is formulated. Through this the employees and the leaders can ensure their own development (Kampen et al, 2016). When my leadership model is implemented in the work place it can benefit the organization in many ways. The employees can become more creative as they are provided with an opportunity to express their own ideas and opinions. This enhances the productivity or the organization. Being self responsible the employees can take critical decisions while at work. Through enabling team work, motivation, training and development the potential of the employees are enhanced and resource allocation, information sharing etc can be implemented. This can contribute the effective achievement o organizational goals (Samier, 2016). Through utilizing my leadership model an effective organization culture can be implemented. A democratic or a participative organizational culture which provides the employees with a harmonious work place can be generated. An organizational culture which provides emphasis to the effective communication, information sharing, resource allocation, etc can be developed. A culture which provides respect and recognition to each other will be maintained. Through such an organizational culture it will be easy for the leaders to manage and maintain the diverse work force. The leadership model which I have adopted is different from others. My leadership model specifies the participative method of managing and developing work force. Some other leaders adopt autocratic and democratic leadership models which are confined to many rules and regulations. Even though these rules and regulations can implement discipline in the work place, it cannot enhance the potential of the work force. It can put the people into fatigue and can result in employee turnover. Through my leadership model the employee motivation and participation is given importance. This will enhance the employees responsibility and loyalty towards the organization. I apply this leadership model to enhance the four factors mentioned in the model which is the people, performance, personality, purpose. I will focus on developing my interpersonal skills, employability skills etc and also focus on developing these skills in the employees. The moral values and ethical constraints are taken into consideration while making decisions and performing business operations. I will focus on providing proper training and development to the employees so that appropriate information can be provided to perform the tasks effectively. References Batcheller, J., 2016. Using a Triad Leadership Model at the System Level to Achieve Outcomes. Journal of Nursing Administration, 46(6), pp.293-294. Esquivel, M.I.V., Tjernstad, C.D.B., Mac Quarrie, A. and Tamariz, M.I., 2017. Personal Growth and Leadership: Interpersonal Communication with Mindfulness into Action. In Encyclopedia of Strategic Leadership and Management (pp. 507-525). IGI Global. Hong, Y., Liao, H., Raub, S. and Han, J.H., 2016. What it takes to get proactive: An integrative multilevel model of the antecedents of personal initiative. Journal of Applied Psychology, 101(5), p.687. Jensen, J., Neck, C. and Beaulieu, R., 2016. The Self-Action Leadership Model: A Qualitative, Nomological Expansion of Self-Leadership Theory Rooted in Action Research Theory. Komives, S.R. and Wagner, W. eds., 2016. Leadership for a better world: Understanding the social change model of leadership development. John Wiley Sons. Larsson, G., Sandahl, C., Sderhjelm, T., Sjvold, E. and Zander, A., 2017. Leadership behavior changes following a theory?based leadership development intervention: A longitudinal study of subordinates and leaders evaluations. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 58(1), pp.62-68. Madison, R.D., Sampayo, J., Maranga, D. and Kennedy, M., 2016. A Model for Leadership and Management Using a SIMPLE Approach. Schmitt, A., Den Hartog, D.N. and Belschak, F.D., 2016. Transformational leadership and proactive work behaviour: A moderated mediation model including work engagement and job strain. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology. Salvador, J.T. and Salvador, S.J.T., 2016. Transforming Organization through Instructional Leadership and Supervision (TOILS). European Scientific Journal, ESJ, 12(31). Samier, E.A., 2016. Fairness, Equity and Social Cooperation: A Moderate Islamic Social Justice Leadership Model for Higher Education. In Assembling and Governing the Higher Education Institution (pp. 35-64). Palgrave Macmillan UK. Van Kampen-Breit, D.J., Asher, D., Henry, E. and Short, B., 2016. Using a Shared Leadership Model to Transition to a New ILS Discovery Service: A Case Study. Library Leadership Management, 30(2).

Happy Days free essay sample

Happy Days is an American television sitcom that originally aired from 1974 to 1984 on ABC. The show presents an idealized vision of American life in the 1950s and early 1960s America. The family consists of Howard, a hardware store owner, Marion, his homemaker wife, and the couples teenage children, Richie (who has an optimistic if somewhat naive outlook on life), Richies sweet and beautiful but feisty and clumsy younger sister Joanie, and Richies older brother Chuck (a character who abruptly disappeared during the second season). Most of the early episodes revolve around Richie (often with his best friend Potsie); as the series progressed, more and more stories were written to revolve around Arthur Fonzie Fonzarelli, who was originally portrayed as a local dropout but soon befriended Richie and family, and became a huge hit with viewers. The focus would also occasionally shift to other additional characters, such as Fonzies cousin Chachi, who became a love interest for Joanie Cunningham. The long-running show also spawned several spinoff shows, some of which were highly successful in their own right, including Laverne Shirley, Mork Mindy, and Joanie Loves Chachi. Despite some inconsistencies, it is generally indicated that the events of the series begin in 1955 and, after eleven seasons, end in 1965. Most episodes take place roughly around 19 years before the year of their first air date. The second season episode The Not Making of the President revolves around the 1956 presidential election, while the sixth season episode Christmas Time ends with a photo dated Christmas 1960. In the 10th season episode Babysitting Fonzie watches the first heavyweight championship fight between Cassius Clay and Sonny Liston on television. This boxing match occurred on February 25, 1964. In the first part of the series finale Passages Joanie and Chachi are wearing t-shirts that say The Kinks Summer 1965 Tour. Contents [hide] 1 Cast 1. 1 Cunningham family 1. 2 Others 2 Cast stats 3 History 4 Production styles 5 Sets 6 Coined neologisms 6. 1 Jumping the Shark 6. 2 The Fonzie Effect 6. 3 Chuck Cunningham Syndrome New characters 7. 1 Season 4 7. 2 Seasons 8 onward 7. 3 Guest stars 7. 4 Anachronisms 8 Decline in popularity 9 Theme music 10 Production scheduling 11 Ratings 12 Episodes 13 DVD releases 14 Spin-offs 14. 1 Animated spin-offs 15 Legacy 15. 1 Pop Culture References 15. 2 Trivia 16 References 17 External links [edit]Cast [edit]Cunningham family Howard (Mr. C) (Tom Bosley)- Husband, father and hardware store owner. Most often seen reading the daily newspaper in his eas y chair. Marion (Mrs. C) (Marion Ross) Wife, mother and homemaker. She was the only character whom Fonzie allowed to call him by his real first name, Arthur, which she always did affectionately Richie (Ron Howard) Son and high school student. The protagonist for the first six years of the series. The character was written out of the show, leaving to join the United States Army, after Ron Howard decided to leave the show to pursue his desired (and ultimately highly successful) career as a director, rather than an actor, although he returned to make guest appearances as Richie during the shows final season. 1974-1980) Joanie (Erin Moran) Daughter. Chuck (Gavan OHerlihy, Randolph Roberts) Eldest son written out of series with no explanation. Fonzie became the shows breakout character and took on a big brother role to Richie, leaving Chuck with nothing to do. Roger Phillips (Ted McGinley) Marions nephew and coach and teacher at Jefferson High. Introduced after Richie left the show. (1980-1984) Flip Phillips (Billy Warlock) Rogers brother. Seen only during 10th season. Krystal KC Cunningham (Crystal Bernard) Howards niece. Seen only during 10th season. [edit]Others Arthur Fonzie / the Fonz Fonzarelli (Henry Winkler) First written in as a minor character, but became a hugely popular breakout character and was made a series regular. The Fonz was a big fan of his â€Å"veggies† when he ate dinner at the Cunningham house. Many said this was an attempt by the show’s producers to get kids to eat their vegetables using the Fonz as an advocate. In an episode filmed in the late 1970s, Fonzie obtains a library card and declares, â€Å"Reading is cool. † The following week there was a 500% increase nation wide of children obtaining library cards. citation needed] At one point, ABC pushed to change the name of the series to Fonzies Happy Days. The cast (including Henry Winkler) strongly opposed. Charles Chachi Arcola (Scott Baio) Fonzies younger cousin; and, later, Al Delvecchios stepson. Dated, and eventually married, Joanie Cunningham. Warren Potsie Weber (Anson Williams) Richies closest friend. Somewhat more carefree than Richie in early seasons, he gradually becomes slightly dimwitted and, in the later seasons, quite so. Ralph Malph (Donny Most) Richies friend; left with Richie to join the army (1974-1980). Returned as a guest star in the final season. Matsumoto Arnold Takahashi (Pat Morita) First depicted owner of Arnolds Drive-In (1975-1976), he obtained the moniker when he purchased the resturant and people addressed its new owner as Arnold. He moonlighted as a martial arts instructor, teaching self-defense classes at the drive-in after hours. Returned after Al Molinaro departed (1982-1983). Al Delvecchio (Al Molinaro) Drive-in owner/cook (1976-1982). Married Chachis mother, thereby becoming Fonzies uncle. Marsha Simms (Beatrice Colen) Carhop in first two seasons. Spike (Danny Butch) Fonzies even younger cousin. Made fleeting appearances before the introduction of Chachi. Wendy (Misty Rowe) Another carhop from Arnolds in the first two seasons. Pinky Tuscadero (Roz Kelly) Former girlfriend of Fonzie. Leather Tuscadero (Suzi Quatro) Musician. Sister of Pinky Tuscadero. Jenny Piccalo (Cathy Silvers) Joanies best friend (1980-1983). Mentioned often in early episodes, but never appeared in person until the 1980 season. Returned as a guest star in the series finale. Jennys father appeared in one episode, played by Silvers real-life father Phil Silvers. Lori Beth Allen Cunningham (Lynda Goodfriend) Richies girlfriend and later his wife (1977-1982). Returned as a guest star in the final season. Louisa Arcola / Louisa Delvecchio (Ellen Travolta) Mother of Chachi Arcola and Fonzies aunt. Married Al Delvecchio. Melvin Belvin (Scott Bernstein) nerdy classmate of Joanie and Chachi. Eugene Belvin (Denis Mandel) twin brother of Melvin Belvin. Also a nerd. Bobby (Harris Kal) friend of Chachi and Joanie seen in episodes after Richie and Ralph left the show. Gloria (Linda Purl) Richies occasional girlfriend in the second season. Ashley Pfister (Linda Purl) Divorced mother who becomes Fonzies steady girlfriend, but later broke up with him (offscreen) (1982-1983). Heather Pfister (Heather ORourke) Ashley Pfisters daughter (1982-1983). Danny Fonzarelli (Danny Ponce) Fonzies adopted son in the series finale. Police Officer Kirk / Army Reserve Major Kirk (Ed Peck) Fonzie’s nemesis; eager to demonstrate his inflated sense of authority, and on the watch for delinquents and pinkos (communists). [edit]Cast stats Another television dad, Harold Gould (of Rhoda), was cast as Howard Cunningham in the Love, American Style episode sub-titled Love and the Happy Days. Donny Most was originally cast to play Potsie Weber. The Ralph Malph character was added to the show after producers decided to cast Anson Williams as Potsie. Marion Ross and Anson Williams are the only cast members who stayed with the show from its pilot, an episode of Love, American Style, to its conclusion. Not including the pilot, Henry Winkler and Tom Bosley are the only two actors to appear in every episode of the series. edit]History Happy Days originated during a time of 1950s nostalgic interest evident in film, television, and music. The show began as an unsold pilot called New Family in Town, with Harold Gould in the role of Howard Cunningham, Marion Ross as Marion, Ron Howard as Richie, Anson Williams as Potsie, Ric Carrott as Charles Chuck Cunningham, and Susan Neher as Joanie. While Paramount passed on making it into a wee kly series, the pilot was recycled with the title Love and the Happy Days, for presentation on the television anthology series Love, American Style. In 1972, George Lucas asked to view the pilot to determine if Ron Howard would be suitable to play a teenager in American Graffiti, then in preproduction. Lucas immediately cast Howard in the film, which became one of the top-grossing films of 1973. Show creator Garry Marshall and ABC recast the unsold pilot to turn Happy Days into a series. [edit]Production styles The first two seasons of Happy Days were filmed using a single-camera setup and laugh track. One episode of Season 2 (Fonzie Gets Married) was filmed in front of a studio audience with three cameras as a test run. From the third season on, the show was a three-camera production in front of a live audience (with the announcement Happy Days is filmed before a studio audience at the start of most episodes), giving these later seasons a markedly different style. [edit]Sets The show had two main sets: the Cunningham home, and Arnolds Drive-In. In season 1 2, the Cunningham house was arranged with the front door on the left and the kitchen on the right, in a sort of triangle. Beginning with season 3, the house was radically rearranged to accommodate multiple cameras and a studio audience. However, the second season episode (mentioned above) in which Fonzie gets engaged was shot on the old set, but with multiple cameras. The Cunninghams official address is 565 North Clinton Drive, Milwaukee, Wisconsin. [1] The address, although fictitious, suggests that the Cunninghams lived on the citys east side. The house that served as the exterior of the Cunningham residence is actually located at 565 North Cahuenga Blvd (south of Melrose Avenue) in Los Angeles, just a few blocks from the Paramount lot on Melrose Avenue. The Milky Way Drive-In, located on Port Washington Road in Glendale (Milwaukee), now Kopps, was the inspiration for the original Arnolds Drive-In. The Milky Way has since been demolished. The exterior of Arnolds was a dressed area on the Paramount Studios lot, that has since been demolished, very close to the Stage 19, where the rest of the shows sets were located. The set of the diner in the first season was a room with the same vague details of the later set, such as the paneling, and the college pennants. When the show was changed to a studio based taping, the set was redesigned and became the Arnolds that is most remembered. The set was largely opened to show the audience the scenes that took place within it. The Diner entrance was hidden, but allowed an upstage, central entrance for cast members. The barely seen kitchen was also upstage and seen only through a pass through window. The diner had orange booths, downstage center for closeup conversation, as well as camera left. There were two bathroom doors camera right, labeled Guys and Dolls. A Seeburg jukebox was positioned camera right, and a pinball machine was positioned far camera right, (anachronistically a 1973 Nip It machine, contrary to the shows 50s setting). College pennants adorned the walls including Marquette and UWM, along with a blue and white sign reading Jefferson High School. Storylines dictated that the set would be destroyed by fire, and so in later seasons, a different Arnolds Drive-in emerged and lasted through the later years of the show. Differing in design, with wood paneling and stained glass, the set was not popular amongst viewers[citation needed], and was not how Arnolds was remembered[citation needed]. In 2004, two decades after the first set was destroyed, the Happy Days 30th Anniversary Reunion requested that the reunion take place in Arnolds. The familiar set was rebuilt by Production Designer James Yarnell. Built from the original ground plan, this was the first time that the Happy Days cast had been in this set since the 1970s. [edit]Coined neologisms [edit]Jumping the Shark Main article: Jumping the shark The most famous of these plots involved Fonzie performing a water ski jump over a shark in an episode aired on September 20, 1977, during the shows fifth season. In later years, this episode has often been cited as the point where the series had passed its peak of quality and popularity. The phrase jumping the shark was later applied to popular culture phenomena in general. While the Fonzs literal shark jump gave rise to the phrase, some fans consider Happy Days to have had more than one such moment, occurring both before and after the stunt in question. Of particular note are the fire that destroyed the original Arnolds Drive-In and the departure of leading man Ron Howard, both of which happened after the notorious stunt involving the shark. Prior to this, the Fonzie character had become almost a comic book version of himself, battling alongside with (and subsequently romancing) the Woman from Kathmandu (portrayed by Quantum Leap actress/producer Deborah Pratt) and Mork from Ork. Interestingly, although the series dipped slightly in viewership after Ron Howards departure in 1980 (the show still remained a Top Thirty hit for three of its last four seasons), the Fonzie character became more grounded and human again even venturing into a season of exploring domesticity and the trials of approaching middle age. Another figurative jumping of the shark occurred with the 1980 departure of Ron Howard, and the introduction of Ted McGinley who would similarly serve as a replacement castmember on The Love Boat and Married†¦ with Children thereby becoming inexorably associated with the term jumping the shark. edit]The Fonzie Effect Main article: List of breakout characters The early Happy Days episodes centered on Richie and teenage friend Warren Potsie Weber, dealing with typical adolescent woes in the 1950s and early/mid 1960s Milwaukee, along with peripherally seen peers such as Ralph Malph, Bag, et al. During the first season, the character Arthur Fonzie/The Fo nz Fonzarelli was becoming a fan favorite, though he was originally intended to be a local high school dropout who was only occasionally seen. The Fonz character was given progressively more screen time by the writers, becoming a permanent cast member displayed in the second season opening credits. The Fonz quickly became the shows most popular character, and many episodes came to revolve around him. When the ABC management considered changing the name of the show to Fonzies Happy Days, the cast, including Fonzie player Henry Winkler, protested along with producer/creator Garry Marshall, and the shows title remained unchanged. [2] [edit]Chuck Cunningham Syndrome Main article: List of television show casting changes The first two seasons of the series also featured Chuck, the Cunninghams eldest child and Richies older brother. The Fonzie character was initally meant to be a juvenile delinquent that Richie and his friends would encounter, with Chuck taking on the mentoring role to Richie. After Fonzie attained breakout success and was repurposed to be more sympathetic and closer to Richie, the Chuck character was nearly superfluous, and his scenes were usually brief appearances on his way to basketball practice. In fact, Chuck was originally a student at Marquette University on a basketball scholarship. [citation needed] Chuck was written out during the series second season with no explanation and was rarely referred to again. Scripts from later seasons implied the Cunninghams had two, not three children. However, in the third and fourth-season recap versions of the Christmas episode, Guess Whos Coming To Christmas, Fonzie — recalling h is first Christmas with the Cunninghams — tells Arnold, and later, Al, that Chuck was away at college. In a Happy Days reunion show from 2005, the cast mentioned that Chuck had won a scholarship to the University of Outer Mongolia to play basketball, as a sort of an inside joke. An officially circulated outtake from the final episode has Mr. Cunningham raising a glass to the entire cast and saying to Happy Days. After taking a sip, he blurts out in mock surprise Wait, wheres Chuck?! In the aired version, Mr. Cunningham specifies that he has two children (Richie and Joanie). The unexplained removal of a character in a TV series has come to be known as Chuck Cunningham Syndrome. See also the character of Eugene Barkley in The Big Valley and Kevin Swanson in Family Guy. [edit]New characters Later seasons saw the addition of other characters. Introduced in the second season episode Not With My Sister, You Dont, Danny Butch played Fonzies similarly dressed and mannered young cousin Raymond Spike Fonzarelli. Although he went on to make several more appearances, the character was felt to never completely catch on, and was reworked into that of Chachi at the start of the fifth season (see below). At the start of the fourth season, Roz Kelly was brought in as Pinky Tuscadero, Fonzies long-term girlfriend. Commercials for the subsequent season even began promoting Kellys new character, but when discord occurred between her and the cast and producers, her character was dropped; the character was briefly mentioned in two subsequent episodes, one where her sister Leather Tuscadero came to town to start anew out of reform school, and when Fonzie was out of town at a demolition derby with Pinky. Bill Sticks Downey, played by John-Anthony Bailey, was supposed to be added to the cast as a new member of Richies band, on drums, and the gang at Arnolds but the character never caught on and only stayed for a few episodes. During the first two seasons, a few actresses were brought in as potential long-term girlfriends for Richie. Laurette Spang was Richies girlfriend Arlene in a couple of first season episodes. Richie dated Arlene Nestrock (Tannis G. Montgomery) in the pilot episode which only aired as an installment of Love American Style who admited to Richie the only reason she dated him was because he had a television set. Arlene would return in the second season and through the use of flashbacks to the Love American Style pilot Richie explains to Potsie and Ralph how their date went. Later in the second season Linda Purl was brought in as Richies girlfriend Gloria. Neither caught on storywise and Richie did not have a steady girlfriend until going to college and meeting Lori-Beth Allen (Lynda Goodfriend), a former classmate from Jefferson High. Linda Purl returned to the Happy Days fold in Season 10 as Fonzies girlfriend Ashley Pfister (a divorced socialite of the wealthy Milwaukee Pfister family). The Pfisters were often also referenced on Laverne Shirley as owners of many Milwaukee establishments, ie, Chez Pfister, The Hotel Pfister, Pfister Fongs. [edit]Season 4 The most major character changes occurred after Season 4 with the addition of Scott Baio as Fonzies cousin, Chachi Arcola. Originally the character Spike, mentioned as Fonzies nephew (whos actually his cousin as he made it clear in one episode), was supposed to be the character who became Chachi. Al Molinaro was added as Al Delvecchio the new owner of Arnolds after Pat Moritas character of Arnold moved on (after his character got married; Pat Morita left the program to star in a short-lived sitcom of his own, Mr. T and Tina, which was actually a spin-off of Welcome Back, Kotter. Morita would also star in a subsequent short lived Happy Days spin-off series entitled Blanskys Beauties). Al Molinaro also played Als twin brother Father Anthony Delvecchio, a Catholic priest. Al eventually married Chachis mother (played by Ellen Travolta) and Father Delvecchio served in the wedding of Joanie to Chachi in the series finale. [edit]Seasons 8 onward Lynda Goodfriend joined the cast as semi-regular character Lori-Beth Allen, Richies steady girlfriend, in season 5, and became a permanent member of the cast between Seasons 8 and 10, after Lori-Beth married Richie. After Ron Howard (Richie) left the series, Ted McGinley joined the cast as Roger Phillips the new Physical Education teacher at Jefferson High and nephew to Howard and Marion. He took over from the departed Richie Cunningham character, acting as counterpoint to Fonzie. Also joining the cast was Cathy Silvers as Jenny Piccolo, Joanies best friend who was previously referenced in various episodes from earlier seasons who remained as a main cast member until the final season. Both actors were originally credited as guest stars but were promoted to the main cast during the 10th season after several series regulars left the show. The real focus of the series was now on the Joanie and Chachi characters, and often finding ways to incorporate Fonzie into them as a shoulder to cry on, advice-giver, and savior as needed. The Potsie character who had already been spun off from the devious best friend of Richie to Ralphs best friend and confidante, held little grist for the writers in this new age, and was now most often used as the occasional dumb foil for punchlines (most often from Mr. C. or Fonzie). Billy Warlock joined the cast in season 10 as Rogers brother Flip, along with Crystal Bernard as Howards and Marions niece K. C. They were intended as replacements for Erin Moran and Scott Baio (who departed for their own show, Joanie Loves Chachi) and were credited as part of the semi-regular cast. Both characters left with the return of Moran and Baio, following the cancellation of Joanie Loves Chachi. [edit]Guest stars Tom Hanks appeared in an episode as a character seeking revenge on Fonzie for pushing him off a swing when the two of them were in the 3rd grade. The confrontation occurs just as Fonzie was about to be given a community leader award. Years later in 1987, Hanks asked Winkler to direct his comedy Turner and Hooch, but creative differences between the two stars led to Winkler being fired from the job. Milwaukee Braves home run king Hank Aaron appeared in one episode. Ralphs father was an optometrist, played by Jack Dodson, who also played Howard Sprague on Ron Howards previous sitcom, The Andy Griffith Show. Lorne Greene made a brief walk-on cameo during the first episode of Season 5, which took place in Hollywood. [edit]Anachronisms Various pinball machines manufactured in the early 1970s were seen in Arnolds, including a 1972 Bally produced machine called Nip-It. It is possible that the shows producers may have overlooked this, as pinball machines from the 1950s commonly known as woodrails, have a more wooden look, compared to the machines used in the show. The show, along with its spin off Laverne Shirley, took progressively more liberties in terms of hair and clothing styles, which began to look more contemporary with the shows 1970s and 1980s production years. The hairstyles of Potsie, Ralph Malph, and (later) Chachi were not reflective of 1950s era for men. The characters all had hair over their ears, something that would have been considered very unmasculine during the era previous to 1964 and the Beatles haircuts and longer hair that followed. The cars used in the Smash-up Derby sequence of the Pinky Tuscadero episodes would have been brand new or not even released yet when the episode was set. [edit]Decline in popularity Despite having the dubious honor of coining the phrase Jumping the Shark, Happy Days remained a successful sitcom in terms of ratings for its entire run (far greater than the length of most sitcoms full lives). One might point to the forward thinking of Garry Marshall who drafted a very young Scott Baio while the series was at #1 (in 1976-1977) without him, and seemingly in no need of a new, very young, character. Three years later, when Ron Howard and Donny Most left the series, the focal point of the show became the relationship of the Joanie and Chachi characters, helping to arry the series onward with ratings success. Of those final four seasons (the 8th, 9th, 10th, and 11th), Season 10 stands out as the oddest. Scott Baio and Erin Moran were spun-off into Joanie Loves Chachi (itself a rating success in terms of viewers, but failure in terms of the new-at-the-time lead-in variable a gauge to see if a show is holding a high enough percentage of the show that aired just before it during the hour) and the production staff scrambled to bring in conspicuously similar Cunningham relatives to fill those spots. Season 10 marked the only full season where Fonzie entered into a monogamous relationship. With the return of the full cast (even including three guest spots by Ron Howard a two-part episode (also strongly featuring Don Mosts Ralph Malph character) plus the finale, Passages), the 11th season is arguably forgotten as a return to deeper storylines, stronger writing, and poignant moments. [edit]Theme music Seasons 1 and 2 of the series used a newly recorded version of Rock Around the Clock by Bill Haley His Comets (recorded in the fall of 1971) as the opening theme song. This recording was not commercially released at the time, although the original 1954 recording returned to the American Billboard charts in 1974 as a result of its use on the show. The Happy Days recording had its initial commercial release in 2005 by the German label Hydra Records. (When Happy Days entered syndication in 1979, the series was retitled Happy Days Again and used an edited version of the 1954 recording instead of the new version). The shows closing theme song in season 1 2 was Happy Days, written by Charles Fox and Norman Gimbel. According to SAG, this version was performed by Jimmy Haas (lead vocal), Ron Hicklin, Stan Farber, Jerry Whitman and Gary Garrett (backing vocals), plus studio musicians. From seasons 3-10, this replaced Rock Around the Clock at the beginning of the show. Released as a single in 1976 by Pratt McClain, Happy Days cracked the Top 5. The show itself finished the 1976-77 television season #1, ending the five-year Nielsen reign of All in the Family. For the shows 11th and final season (1983-84), the theme was redone in a more modern style. Featuring Bobby Arvon on lead vocals, with several back-up vocalists, this version of the theme song is arguably not as popular with Happy Days fans as versions from the 3rd-10th seasons (among which there were several slightly different versions and edits). To accompany this new version, new opening credits were filmed, and the flashing Happy Days logo was reanimated to create an overall new feel that incorporated 1980s sensibilities with a still 1950s nostalgia (although the show was now supposedly taking place in 1965). [edit]Production scheduling Jerry Paris, who co-starred on The Dick Van Dyke Show and directed several episodes of that series, directed every episode of Happy Days from the third season on, except for three episodes in Season 3 (Jailhouse Rock, Dance Contest and Arnolds Wedding). [3] Happy Days became one of the first series to have early seasons in syndication while the series itself was still producing new episodes (a common practice with long-running shows today). Until the show went out of production, most syndicated versions carried the title Happy Days Again. The ending theme lyrics were edited instead of Saturday, what a day/Racing to be with you they were changed to Saturday, what a day/Grooving all week with you to reflect the daily nature of syndicated airings. CBS programming head Fred Silverman scheduled Good Times directly against Happy Days during their respective second seasons in an attempt to kill the ABC shows growing popularity. However, he was named president of ABC in 1975, and so was given the task of saving Happy Days during its third season (which saw a rapid increase in ratings).

A2Z Cosmetics Internet and E-Business - Free Assignment Sample

Question: Describe about the Benefits and barriers to a business considering its online presence, security and legislative issues facing the online business and compare and contrast two models by assessing the benefits and challenges of A2Z Cosmetics? Answer: Introduction: The term E-business denotes the use of computer-mediated networks, so that a wide range of commercial transaction can take place. This concept of E-business is used to transform and automate a firm-level business process. It manages value chain more effectively across the firms. Additionally E-commerce gives customer support application and services where E-business can conclude human resource functions, supply-chain management, sales-force automation and other useful application for the automation of the firms core processes. While it is much concerned about the economic advantages regarding internet-enabled commerce, it is evident that with the use of internet it made the internet able to serve the maps and location tracking service to serve the reinforcement of unequal economic situation. E-business provides real returns to the firms, which makes the firm more profitable and productive. The ability to generate profit by the experiencing E-business has proven the exceeding capability of the most predicted optimistic economic scenario. Environment for E-business: E-business environment refers to a larger business context, which is also called macro environment. It includes those uncontrollable and external factors, such as social, technological and political components- the virtual organizations, which in turn influence the decision making strategies in an organization. These factors influence changes in interest rates, involvement of competitors, government rules and changes due to the cultural tastes (Borck, 2015). As far as the business strategy is concerned, it is very important to carry out the environmental analysis to identify the issues clearly. There are varieties of acronyms STEP or PEST in use for the macro environment. Being contrary to the popular belief that, E-commerce is not just using the web. Ecommerce is well enough for the B2B transaction before the back of internet in 70s vial EDI (Electronic Data Interchange) through value added networks (VANs). Ecommerce are divided into four categories: C2C, C2B, B2B, and B2C (Business Insider, 2015). Business to Business: Companies do business with each other, such as, wholesalers sales to retailers, manufacturers sells to the distributors. On the quantity of order, pricing is based, which can be negotiable. Business to consumer: Business who sales their products to the public through catalogs using available software on shopping cart. Consumer to Business (C2B): A consumer uploaded his/her project online with a desired budget, that consumers given requirements are reviewed by the company and bid on that project. The bids are reviewed by the consumer and consumer selects the most suitable company which will compete the project by fulfill the requirements. Consumer-to-Consumer: There is availability of many sites, which provides classifieds, forums, auctions where individuals are able to buy and sell with the association of online payment systems like PayPal, which allow sending and receiving money online. Auction service by eBay is a good example of person-to-person transactions, where transactions take place every day since 1995 (City.ac.uk, 2015). Companies, who are using internal networks to offer services and products online to their employees- not necessarily, meant to be on the web always- are engaged in Business-to-Employee (B2E) commerce. There are other kind of commerce, which takes place to govern so may type of transactions with govt. for the process to fill the taxes, to do business registration or to renewing of license takes place , such as, Government-to-Government (G2G), Government-to-Business (G2B), Government-to-Employee (G2E), Business-to-Government (B2G), Government-to-Citizen (G2C), Citizen-to-Government (C2G). A2Z Cosmetics, which is a newly established fashion and cosmetics business facing several challenges to capture their most possible share form market. Industries are changing rapidly, which makes it uncertain for the adaptation of the A2Z Cosmetics to the fashion industry. As far e-commerce is concerned, here Business-to-Customer (B2C) environment of e-commerce make it worth working. For example, if A2Z Cosmetics are trying to sell their cosmetics and available services, they will upload the required catalog of their services, product, along with prices, so that the consumer can choose appropriate product or services as per their requirement. Benefits and barriers to a business considering its online presence: There is common misconception on buying domain name requires setting up a website immediately. Rather, when a business selects and makes registration with a domain name, there are many ways, which can be used to establish the presence over web. Benefits: To have strong internet presence makes it more than selling products instantly. Ultimately, it builds business credibility. Recently, in a survey consists of millions of consumers by Weebly (web hosting service), where 56% of response giver said that they dont trust business without a website, which represents them. Now a day consumers are looking for interaction with the companies and want to build relationship with companies (Dob.nt.gov.au, 2015). In this context, it made sense that the small business should believe in the power of making their online presence, as it helps the upcoming business not to miss the inexpensive way towards the brand awareness and to grow its customer base. To claim an online lead for the brand is one of key decisions the owner must make, such as picking the right domain name. It is important to consider their domain choice carefully, as it is the online hub of the brand. For instance a business owner must take some time to carefully consider what domain name extension, such as, .COM, .NET, .TV etc is best to choose among form them for their business. Once brand set up their online presence, it is time for the business owner to steer the sheep when topic came to make marketing decision which in actual get the customers to the websites. Barriers: As far barriers are concerned, this focuses its light on the facts, which can drag the whole concept of E-business behind. These are often seen for the small business or those business, which are just now stepping their feet into the industry. Such of these facts are- lack of time to implement the e-business, the high level of associated complexity, lack of technological expertise for the engagement of the e-business, resistance to change the work practices in order to adopt the business technology, lacking compatibility between e-business and current technologies, concerns on security management of e-business, lack of financial resources, lack of trust to adopt the e-business technology, lacking the concept/plan to implement the e-business strategy, inadequate competition within industry. Security and legislative issues facing the online business of A2Z Cosmetics: As a new undertaking business, which is going to step its feet into the industry, it may such security issues, which are- Information security: In the past, this simply means to be ensured whether information was locked in the safe or drawer, but in this technology era, where we are concerned about the extended challenges to be more secure about the information contained on the companys server, networking devices, etc. Threats can come from hackers, efforts of foreign espionage, or even form competitors for obtaining corporate or personal information contained on the systems, which might have crucial importance to others. Hence, cyber security is a paramount matter for companys security personnel. Stolen or lost physical storage devices: Being as important as the internet security threats, devices such as, cell phone, computer, USB flash drives, CDs/DVDs, hard drives fall into this category. There is lot of information carried by this kind of devices, hence one should be conscious enough not to allow these devices are misplaced or get lost. This kind of devices carries security measures like passwords, additional information to access other devices and credentials. Human Error and insider threat: There is a suggestion from the researches done previously, where majority of security breaches take origination from external resources. Hence, external threat can originate within the organization. For example, if one of companys trusted employee stole proprietary information of her/his employer. Insider threats who involves the misuse of his/her authorized privileges, have long presented serious problem for the private sector and the government sector computer system. In addition by having access to the companys networks, insiders are able to understand the way things work, they know where the data resides, how the data are made available, which make them able to have opportune time to destroy the whole system introducing malware or by disrupting the system. Natural Disasters and Accidents: Accidental deletion, natural disasters (e.g. Floods, fires etc.), computer crashes, hardware failure, all these can cripple a business permanently. These kind of threats are needed to take care equally, like cyber attacks, emergencies. Cybercrime in the United States: Year Complaints received Dollar loss in millions 2001 50,412 17.8 2002 75,064 54.0 2003 124,515 125.6 2004 207,449 68.1 2005 231,493 183.1 2006 207,492 198.4 2007 206,884 239.1 2008 275,284 264.6 2009 336,655 559.7 2010 303,809 0 2011 314,246 $485.3 Different modes of communication available to an e-business and their applications: As technology is progressing, new communications are taking birth and with the evolution they are getting old. In business, when business owner is trying to communicate with the employees, client, customers, he/she may have choices to make marketing or interpersonal communications, electronic media are though critical enough to do the task cost-effectively and efficiently, they are crucial to pursue with. The medium are such as- Mobile devices: As a less formal mode of communication, people are increasingly are in use of text messages, short emails using PDAs (personal digital assistants), cell phones. PDAs with ability to use internet has changed the work experience with e-mail, much like the way of sending quick messages, but with the different connection type. As a result of this not only the business associates make communication with other mobile devices, but many companies gain the ability to do marketing to customers via text messages. Social Networking Media: The ability and use of social networking media started evolving. Companies do promotion of events, offer discounts, and communicate with customers, drawing attention to sales with the use of social networking media. For example, recruiters can search for CFO (chief financial officer) candidate being connected with the CFOs who are listed on the social networking site of business. All these gave a new way to reach people without being in touch with previous secretaries or lot of efforts behind to find out their personal phone number. Email: Being one of the older form of communication done electronically, Email remains a staple of era of modern business, Due to its versatility, email is in use for asking questions, getting relative answer, making awareness of issues to people, holding group conference, passing documents, sharing of information and much more. Most of the organizations now admit email as legal proof and evidence of transactions and contracts. Relevant internet technologies and their importance in making an e-business successful: The industry on e-commerce comprised of varieties of services and products, which includes, Hardware components, such as, firewalls, routers, servers, digital switches and work stations); and varieties of software products. Software technologies are upgrading day by day in an high proportion to manage the traffic online and to meet the requirement of fast growing e-commerce challenges. As a basic web base application e-commerce application needs to be three tired application. 1st tire is considered as user interface layer to handle client-side technologies to create flashy and interactive web pages as a form of data validation, such as HTML, DHTML, and JavaScript etc. For 2nd tire there exists scripting engines and web container. Correspondingly both the server side technologies- scripting language (e.g. PHP, JS) and programming languages (C++, C, J2EE) are in use (Docs.oracle.com, 2015). For 3rd tire, it is considered as data layer, whose components are database management system (DBMS) and corresponding data sources. There are lots of DBMSs are available in market in order to fulfill the requirement. They are Microsoft SQL Server, Sybase, IBM DB2 etc. There are such Web server in use, such as, Apache, Wamp, Xampp, Microsoft IIS etc. and for the development of JSP components and java servlets , WEB containers are required. While telecommunication technology is concerned topic for an organization to communicate over internet, there are varieties of communication protocol are in use consists of digital rules to exchange data within or between computers. Some of the best known protocols that are in use are IPX/SPX, AX.25, X.25, TCP/IP, and Apple talk. Now a day VoIP technology is in use for a multi-provider, interoperable environment, as the providers and vendors tend to develop their services or products on their own way, where VoIP gives popular service as current telephony system and widely used in industrial or public applications (Ebusiness.cs.cmu.edu, 2015). These are protocol are arranged depending on the grouped functionality, for instance, there is group of Internet layer protocol. The functionalities in groups are mapped onto the layers. Each layer is in use to solve a particular problem, which is related to each other, for instance, Internet-network interface functions, application-transport functions (Mashable, 2013). Main features of HTML: HTML is the language in which all web pages are designed since mid of 1990s. It is a big thing to learn all the major pieces of HTML. Some useful characteristics are- Basic HTML takes care of such features to include paragraphs, numbered and bulleted lists, titles and so on. More controls over style feature like colors, fonts and positioning, the CSS (Cascade Style Sheets) standard is the nice way to do so. To view someone elses internal structure of a web page, one can view the source code form view option of a HTML window. Tables can be built also, in order to group rows and columns. Forms are also used in a web page, in order to link another page dynamically, to meet the readers requirements. SSI (Server Side Includes) features allow to automatically include page URLs and timestamps or insertion of other file content can also be done. By executing scripts, which generate contents each time a page get loaded (Open.ac.uk, 2015). Functions of clients, servers and browsers: To economize the bandwidth and performance, a client server system creates both of a server that holds client software which access the data from the server and all system data. The client software requests for the immediate requirement from the server and the server will fulfill the requests. This system also responsible to create a layer of security in order to allow server to only fulfill requests made at a time by authorized client. Clients, who are sending requests to the server, use browser to send request by having an internet connection. There are some browsers at the client end, such as, Mozilla Firefox, Google chrome etc (School-for-champions.com, 2015). Role of search engines and its application for A2Z Cosmetics: Now a day Search Engine Optimization is more important to those business who are stepping their feet into the industry as SEO provides solution to the low cost promotion. The business information can be delivered worldwide to those prospective buyers via online dictionary and search engines. Visitors, who are coming to the organizations websites through the search engines, are seeking for the specific products and information. Hence the organization A2Z Cosmetics is assured of focused, comprehensive and targeted web presence in this context (Small Business - Chron.com, 2015). Use of intranets and extranets within business communications: Intranets serve an organizations requirements on digital communication. Intranet provides a secure space to store, access and retrieve data and to develop electronic materials. By reducing errors and speeding up workflow, intranets provide a way to replace the old business solution to gain efficiency. Some specific applications are included, where multiple employees are able to access the same files, digital reference databases to look up the figures and facts, software for instant messaging, internal email etc (Tutor2u.net, 2015). Extranets connect multiple: Extranet connects multiple intranets together, so the major use of this is to provide the valuable cooperation between various organizations on joint projects, information sharing and initiatives. Different e-business models to generate revenue for a business: There are various revenue models available, such as- Revenue model used for Web catalogue Revenue model for digital content Revenue model for advertising support. Mixed revenue model for advertising-subscription. Fee-for-Transaction Revenue Model. Revenue Model for Fee-for-service (Diigo.com, 2015). Compare and contrast two models by assessing the benefits and challenges: Fee-for-Transaction Model Revenue Model for Fee-for-service In this revenue model business offering services charge fee based on size or number of the transaction. This model does not relate to agent or broker provided services to complete transaction. After receiving fee, online travel agents facilitate a transaction for their clients. Professional services are provided online in this model by lawyers, accountants, doctors etc. Report on future developments in e-business models: E-business offers so many business advantages for the traditional business. E-business helps in overcoming the business constrains by providing the widest range of products to the customers without having them in their respective warehouses. As much as people are adopting this E-business, they are updating this technology for the ease of use by application of mobile commerce. Along with this revolution people are adopting wireless devices to access internet on them. In this context integration of enterprise application is beneficial, but some organization is unable for integration due to have modern application with legacy system (Tutor2u.net, 2015). Key features of good website design structure and Impact of a well-designed website on an e-business: The under mentioned elements are necessary as a guide to help websites owner. Here are top six elements for good website: Providing good visual design: Use of themes to the topic can help the web designer to keep content on track. Content: A good website with relevant content delivers readers requirement. Navigation: Navigation is considered as the GPS of a website. The Nav bars are the available button in the website direct the visitors, where they need go for the information. Call to action: with this Call to Action is a set of words that give indication to the visitors of website to take immediate action while on website. Credibility: A good website win the trust of the visitors by incorporating items to identify the website as a legitimate resource Mobile site: One must make it sure that the implemented website is viewable on an internet enabled mobile device. So that, more and more visitors can increase in numbers to go through the website using mobile. Issues concerning website usability: Content: Content is the key to a good web page and often critical for the usable and effective website. Page Layout: While many websites are facing issues on scroll up and down to read entire content, they may find it irrelevant to stay. To keep the page simple and clean Grid Layouts are great way to position the contents. Colors: One must make sure about the colors, while choosing colors and use color theory for good color scheme. HTML: HTML learning can familiarize web page designers about building of web pages. CSS: Various CSS style properties are used to affect the look of the web page to get the displays more prominent. Download speed: If a search engine has choices to provide ranking among two or more pages, the faster page will gain the highest ranking even with the difference of milliseconds also. Conclusion: After a thorough observation, a conclusion came into the point that, e-commerce has become an important even essential part of todays modern society. The WWW or the World Wide Web is the most usable part of our daily routine. As the availability of web developers no a day become more reachable with low prices, so, all the small or medium scale companies can afford to use the world wide web to sell their products. Though gaining benefits by adapting these technologies is not easy, as A2Z Cosmetics need to overcome many barriers associated with their implementation plan. For example, one of the negative impacts of e-commerce is to have lack of selling advice and guidance for the accommodation of customer service online to answer any question. It is important to note that; e-commerce does not give equal benefit to all the small companies. Amount of benefit a company gets from the e-commerce, depends on the kind of service the e-commerce giving. Above all these, e-commerce does benefit a ny kind of business even in minimum amount. References Borck, J. (2015). Transforming e-business: E-services. [online] JavaWorld. Available at: https://www.javaworld.com/article/2076217/transforming-e-business--e-services.html [Accessed 24 Feb. 2015]. Business Insider, (2015). THE FUTURE OF RETAIL: 2014 [SLIDE DECK]. [online] Available at: https://www.businessinsider.in/THE-FUTURE-OF-RETAIL-2014-SLIDE-DECK/articleshow/32755733.cms [Accessed 24 Feb. 2015]. City.ac.uk, (2015). Part-time full-time e-Business Systems | Postgraduate MSc Course | City University London. [online] Available at: https://www.city.ac.uk/courses/postgraduate/e-business-systems [Accessed 24 Feb. 2015]. Diigo.com, (2015). E-Business - Revenue Models - List | Diigo. [online] Available at: https://www.diigo.com/list/selinka/e_business-_-revenue-models [Accessed 24 Feb. 2015]. Dob.nt.gov.au, (2015). What is eBusiness? - Department of Business. [online] Available at: https://www.dob.nt.gov.au/business/starting-business/ebusiness/Pages/ebusiness.aspx [Accessed 24 Feb. 2015]. Docs.oracle.com, (2015). Oracle E-Business Suite Developer's Guide. [online] Available at: https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E18727_01/doc.121/e12897/T302934T302936.htm [Accessed 24 Feb. 2015]. Ebusiness.cs.cmu.edu, (2015). MSIT (Master of Science in Information Technology) | eBusiness Technology at Carnegie Mellon University. [online] Available at: https://www.ebusiness.cs.cmu.edu/ [Accessed 24 Feb. 2015]. Mashable, (2013). 10 Predictions About the Future of Ecommerce. [online] Available at: https://mashable.com/2013/10/01/future-e-commerece/ [Accessed 24 Feb. 2015]. Open.ac.uk, (2015). T320 - Ebusiness technologies: foundations and practice - Open University Course. [online] Available at: https://www.open.ac.uk/courses/modules/t320 [Accessed 24 Feb. 2015]. School-for-champions.com, (2015). eCommerce Revenue Models by Ron Kurtus - Succeed in eCommerce: Running an Online or Internet Business: School for Champions. [online] Available at: https://www.school-for-champions.com/ecommerce/revenue_models.htm#.VOxMavmUdEA [Accessed 24 Feb. 2015]. Small Business - Chron.com, (2015). What Are the Benefits of E-Business Technology?. [online] Available at: https://smallbusiness.chron.com/benefits-e-business-technology-4048.html [Accessed 24 Feb. 2015]. Tutor2u.net, (2015). e-business technology - service providers. [online] Available at: https://www.tutor2u.net/ebusiness/ebusiness-technology-service-providers.html [Accessed 24 Feb. 2015].

Muslims in Southeast Asia

Southeast Asia is a region that has been generalized as a Muslim region and yet Indonesia is the only country with a large population of Muslims. There has also been a perception that this region is a threat to the international security because it is known to harbor terrorists and encourage recruitment and training of terrorist. The generalization and perception has caused problems for people with no links to terrorism and Muslim origin; the region is targeted by the international community for terrorism.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Muslims in Southeast Asia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The September attack which took place in the United States of America changed the world view of terrorism and Muslims; the experience made states to see terrorism as a reality (O’Neill 90). This attack raised so many questions regarding international security and the relationships of one state to the other . The issue of the relationship between Muslims and terrorism was also a question which many people still have no answer about. Southeast Asia, being a Muslim dominated region has also been affected by the 9/11 attacks; Muslim dominated regions were seen as the source of terrorists and masterminds of international attacks (Peters 42). Southeast Asia is seen as a threat to international security; this is because it has harbored terrorists, and this is the region where the recruitment of world terrorist and training took place (Ressa 56). This paper will seek the understanding of Muslims in Southeast Asia region and the world generalization of Muslims as terrorists, and discuss why the world views Southeast Asia as a security threat. After the 9/11 attacks, Muslims around the world were confronted with a lot of questions about their religion as well as their religious identity. The Muslim belief system was subjected to extensive discussions both in public forums and in the media. Ther e were questions of whether Muslims were possible in a secular environment; another question was whether the Islam region was in-line with democracy (O’Neill 178). It is believed that Muslims were faced with these issues before the 9/11 attacks; for instance, in 1970s and 1980s urbanization, mass education together with telecommunication developments pluralized religious authority and raised questions on the meaning and Islam’s social relevance. These issues which were faced by Muslims around the world were refreshed by the 9/11 attacks. Southeast Asia being a Muslim dominated region is not exempted from the processes as well as tensions that are faced by the other Islamic dominated region in the world. Conflicts are developing between the Islam religion and the United States and the same applies for Southeast Asia, and the United States leads the war on terrorism in this region (Ressa 67).Advertising Looking for research paper on geography? Let's see if we can he lp you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The war on terrorism is focused on controlling the region in order to eradicate terrorist threats and to do this eradication, the region should not be generalized as a terrorist region, first, the world should understand the dynamics of Southeast Asia to understand the Southeast Asia Muslims and the evolution of Muslim politics. After the September 11 attack, Muslims in Southeast Asia were worried that they will be involved in the attack; this is because of the generalization of Muslim communities as terrorists. The leaders of Islamic organizations together with leaders from countries with majority of its people being Muslims such as Malaysia and Indonesia showed the difference between Muslims in Southeast Asia and the Muslim terrorist groups whose leaders subscribe to terrorist activities (Ressa 102). The Southeast Asia Islam is generalized with the other Muslim groups in the world because of the ignorance of history of Muslim politics in the region. Southeast Asia has 260 million Muslims, which is almost half the population of this region. The 260 million of Muslims is about 20% of the total population of Muslims in the world. Each country in this region has Muslims with 90% in Indonesia, and 6% in Malaysia. The rest of the countries in this region have Muslim minority population; these countries include Philippines, Thailand, Cambodia, Myanmar and Singapore (O’Neill 304). Indonesia being a country with a big number of Muslims in the world and in Southeast Asian, it has led to the generalization that the Southeast Asian region are purely Muslim and any issue concerning Muslim in the world is generalized to Southeast Asia. Terrorism has been tied to Muslims and countries that are in Southeast Asia are not exceptions; they are affected by the fight against terrorism because they are generalized as Muslims. Southeast Asian Islam is diverse; the region has different approaches to Islamic practi ces and beliefs. The world should understand that Southeast Asia is also a home for non-Muslim communities; therefore, Muslim communities in this region are influenced by non-Islamic religious and cultural traditions (Linden 198). The region is in contrast with the Middle East region; the Middle East is predominantly Muslims, therefore, Southeast Asian Muslims are considered as tolerant and the most moderate when compared to Muslims from the other Muslim regions.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Muslims in Southeast Asia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More All the same, Islam is a political and social force that has mobilized anti-colonial struggles especially in Philippines, Malaysia and Indonesia. Radical elements in the region clashed with the federal governments; this was at the time they were pushing an Islamic state to be established (Ressa 234). This shows how diverse and pluralistic the Islam is in this region; the politics of Muslims in this region has never produced benign outcomes. Therefore, violent activities that are championed by Islamist groups are evident in the history of Southeast Asia. Southeast Asia is considered as an Islamic region; Islam came to this region through Persian, Indian and Arab traders, who spread it through elite conversion. The spread was not even in the region; some countries such as Indonesia were influenced greatly by the traders who spread Islam to most part of the country, other countries were not influenced greatly, therefore, there is a small percentage of Islamic people. This region is represented as an Islamic region because of Indonesian Muslim population. The traditional cultural beliefs together with the practices influenced the spread of Islam in Singapore and Malaysia, for instance, Sufi beliefs and Islamic beliefs mingled. Islam in these two countries were homogeneous, this was as opposed to Indonesia (Ressa 306). The development of Islam in Southeast Asia introduced groups and practices that subscribed to terrorist activities. This justifies the generalization of Muslim communities to terrorist attacks; also the small groups of terrorists have grown because of the support from terrorist groups outside the region. Southeast Asia is seen as a threat to the international security because of it is dominated by Muslims; it is also known to support terrorists in many ways. This region is known to harbor terrorist organizations; these terrorist organizations have adapted to this region and have become resourceful in a way that they have rendered the counterterrorism strategy devised by those against them ineffective (Ressa 467). Southeast Asia also harbors expansive network terrorist actors; these actors operate from Mindanao as well as from the neighboring islands found in the south of Philippines. This region is a major operation center for Al-Qaida; there is the connection of the Afghan to the Middle East extremi sts.Advertising Looking for research paper on geography? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The Southeast Asian Islamic grievances opened ways to international terrorists; Al-Qaida being a network with Islamic charities and the spread Islamic banks in this region together with a friendly environment for doing business attracted them. This made them to strongly be established in this region. They recruit and train their members in this region and as the world tries hard to fight and these terrorists, more people are absorbed through this recruitment and training. This issue influences the way the world views Southeast Asia when it comes to fighting terrorism; this region puts down the efforts made by the international community to fight terrorism (Peters 45). If they were an anti-terrorism region, they would not have allowed the training and recruitment on in the region. The presence of the Al-Qaeda in Southeast Asia has made the world to believe that this region is the future terrorist. The arrival of Al-Qaeda has changed the regions view of terrorism; the region is now re cruiting terrorists (Linden 213). The Al-Qaeda, when it arrived in this region it helped in the creation of regional terrorist networks, this networks were used to plot attacks against the Western countries; one of these networks is Jemaah Islamiyah, which is believed to have bombed Bali in 2002. This shows that terrorist are not only harboring in this region, but also growing and expanding in the region; this why this region is seen as a threat to international security. Al-Qaeda cells worked together with the radical Islamic groups in Southeast Asia; they provided these groups with money and training, and the training took place in Indonesian, Malaysian and Filipino camps. This shows that the region has militants who are followers of Al-Qaeda and collaborations with the international community to fight the terrorist group cannot be achieved, unless the followers denounce the group (Rashid 352). The Southeast Asia region has been presented as a corrupt region with military organiza tions and government administrations being corrupt; they make the plan of American military to engage the terrorist difficult, they do not offer assistance so that the engagement does not create a human right abuse. Also, Indonesia being a Muslim Dominated country, it offers resistance on any attack made on terrorists; this also justifies the generalization of the world on relations of Muslims and terrorism. This resistance is interpreted as support for terrorism (Rashid 234). However, the world should not attack the whole region in the name of fighting terrorism; this is because, there are other countries in this region such as Philippines, which welcome assistance from the international community to fight terrorist who plan their terrorist activities while in this region. The world knows the threat of Southeast Asian region to security, however, it is difficult to fight the terrorists in the region; the region has 11 countries and the kind of borders present in this region is poro us maritime (Peters 98). There are short distances separating countries in this region; this gives way for transnational terrorism and therefore, it is difficult to maintain border security. There is also a problem in developing effective counterterrorism strategies to deal with terrorist organizations; these terrorist organizations require capabilities that are beyond the military mighty (Linden 345). For any anti-terrorist group to win this battle, they must get support from the Southeast Asian countries, which is very difficult because of the resistance the Muslims have towards anti-terrorism groups. The Southeast Asia is a region with a large population of Muslims and this means that the political forces are influenced by Islam religion and their practices influence even the minority religions in the region, and fighting they practices is not easy, unless they cooperate. The generalization of Muslims in relation to terrorist attacks can have a lot of consequences to the world se curity. When a certain group of Muslims engage in terrorism, it does not mean that each and everyone is a terrorist. In Southeast Asia, Indonesia is the only country with a large population of Muslims; also, this does not mean that all of them are terrorists. In the country we have Muslims and non-Muslims who are not terrorists as well and any generalization would be unfair to those who are not terrorists (Ressa 503). In case of war against terrorism, attacking the whole region of Southeast Asia might kill the innocent people. Indonesia is just one country in Southeast Asian region, and it being a Muslim dominated country does not mean that other the whole region is purely Muslim. The generalization might cause more problems; some of the people who are not Muslims might choose to defect to Muslim and the join the terrorism groups against the anti-terrorism groups. This might be to seek defense and revenge against the non-Muslim groups. The war will now change from being against terr orism to against religion (Rashid 286). If Muslims in Southeast Asia join other Muslims against other religions then there will be no safe region in the world. Also, if all anti-terrorism groups declare war against the Southeast Asian people, then the region will be left without people and the innocent will also be affected. The Southeast Asia is also seen as a threat to international security; this claim might be because it has been a home and a harbor for terrorist groups and network. Also, the region has recruited and trained some groups, which have engaged in terrorist attacks some parts of the world (Peters 112). However, the fight should be against terrorism, and not against a region where terrorist are harboring; this is because this region live other people who are not terrorist. The generalization might cause lead to human right abuse and committing crime against mankind. Generalization of issues when an incident happens like in the case of the 9/11 attack in the United Sta tes is not good, and should not be encouraged; there can be evidence to proof so, but as long as the issue involves a group of people, then there is a possibility that not all of them are guilty of the offense (Linden 467). Therefore, the world should always find suspects and target to deal with the issue for example, the world should target terrorism and terrorist and not a group in which the terrorists belong. In the case of Southeast Asia, terrorism should not be generalized to all people in this region, despite the fact that terrorist harbor in this region. The world should devise ways of identifying the suspects and capture them without involving the innocent people (Rashid 408). Also, the innocent people should also find ways of conveying useful information to the international community to help them fight terrorism or any issue. They should not cooperate with the offenders like in the case of Southeast Asians. This world belongs to us and we should all make it a safe place to live, and avoid generalization. Works Cited Linden, Edward. World Terrorism. New York: Nova Science Publishers, 2002. Print. O’Neill, Bard. Insurgency and Terrorism: Inside Modern Revolutionary Warfare. Virginia: Brassey’s Inc, 1990. Print. Peters, Ralph. Beyond Terror: Strategy in a Changing World. Mechanicsburg: Stackpole Books, 2002. Print. Rashid, Ahmed. Taliban: Militant Islam, Oil and Fundamentalism in Central Asia. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2000. Print. Ressa, Maria. Seeds of Terror: An eyewitness Account of Al-Qaeda’s Newest Center of  Operations in Southeast Asia. New York: Free Press, 2003. Print. This research paper on Muslims in Southeast Asia was written and submitted by user Jaidyn Nolan to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.